Why do some economies struggle with persistent high inflation?

Imagine your piggy bank is a country’s money, and every time you get extra coins, it's like the country gets more money. Now, if your piggy bank already has lots of coins, and you keep getting even more, a lot more, that can cause a problem: inflation.

Think of it like this: You have 10 candies, and 5 friends. Everyone gets 2 candies. But if suddenly you get 10 more friends, but still only have 10 candies, now everyone gets less, that’s inflation.

In a country, if the government or banks add way too much money into the economy all at once, like giving out extra coins to everyone, people start spending more, and prices go up. That's why things get expensive: there are too many coins (money) chasing the same number of candies (goods).

Sometimes, a country keeps adding money so much that it’s like your piggy bank is overflowing with coins, but you still only have 10 candies. Now, even one candy costs more than before, and that's persistent high inflation.

It's not fun for anyone: parents can't buy as many toys, and kids can't get as many sweets. That’s why some economies find it hard to stop the prices from going up again and again.