What is Kepler’s laws of planetary motion?

Kepler’s laws of planetary motion are rules that explain how planets move around the sun, like a dance that all the planets follow.

Imagine you're drawing with a pencil, but instead of using a perfect circle, you use an oval shape. That's what Kepler noticed, planets don’t go in perfect circles, they move in ellipses. Think of it like your favorite jelly bean, squashed on one side and stretched on the other.

Now picture yourself running around a track. When you're near the start, you might speed up to catch up with someone ahead of you. That’s what planets do too! When they are closer to the sun, they speed up, and when they’re farther away, they slow down, like riding a bike uphill or downhill.

If one planet is zooming around the sun in just a few years, another might be taking decades. This law shows that the time it takes for a planet to go all the way around depends on how far away it is, like different kids walking or running around the playground at different speeds.