How Does A historical perspective on how pandemics end Work?

A pandemic ends when most people are no longer getting sick or spreading the illness, like when a big group of kids stops passing around a cold because they all got it already.

Imagine you’re on a playground, and everyone is playing tag. The person who's "it" runs after others to tag them. Once someone gets tagged, they become the new "it." This keeps going until almost everyone has been tagged, then there’s no one left to run after.

A pandemic works like this: When many people get sick and recover, they stop spreading the illness because their bodies have already fought it off. Soon, fewer people are getting sick, and eventually, most of them aren’t getting sick at all, just like when almost everyone on the playground has been tagged and is no longer running.

Sometimes a pandemic takes a while to end, like how it might take a long time for the last kid on the playground to be tagged. But once that happens, the game slows down, and soon, it stops completely.